Hailstork has created a powerful eight-minute monodrama from a passage in Frederick Douglass' landmark autobiography, where the great orator asks why boats can roam the sea while he must remain in chains.

For soprano & piano. Libretto by Jerre Dye. Three arias. Duration: ca. 10'. Vocal score, 17 p.

For baritone & string quartet. Custom print edition. A concert aria based on a text by Herbert Martin. Commissioned by the Harlem Chamber Players. Score, 64 p. and parts.

For baritone & piano. Custom print edition. A concert aria based on a text by Herbert Martin. Commissioned by the Harlem Chamber Players. Score, 43 p.